Mac OS, yang berarti Macintosh Operating System, atau Sistem Pengoperasi Macintosh, adalah sistem pengoperasi komputer Apple untuk komputer Apple Macintosh. Mac OS merupakan sistem pengoperasian pertama yang menggunakan antarmuka pengguna grafik (Graphical User Interface – GUI).

Beberapa kelebihan Mac OS :

• Tidak mudah terkena virus.

Dirancang dengan security oriented, Mac OS tidak diganggu oleh serangan konstan dari PC virus dan malware. Namun tidak juga akan memperlambat Anda dengan peringatan keamanan konstan dan interupsi lainnya.

• High Performance.

Khususnya pada Mac OS X – dengan prosesor Intel terbaru dan inovasi terbaik lainnya, Mac dapat melakukan semua hal yang hanya dapat dilakukan Mac – dengan kecepatan yang menakjubkan.

• User-friendly

Dengan tampilan GUI yang sangat menarik, menjadikan Mac OS sebagai salah satu OS yang banyak diminati khususnya oleh para graphic designer dan bagi mereka yang baru mempelajari komputer.

Kekurangan Mac OS :

• Mac tidak bisa dirakit sendiri karena Apple sudah tidak memberi license untuk perusahaan lain untuk membuat hardware yang bisa menggunakan Mac OS

• Software di Mac OS tidak begitu lengkap

Pengaruh dominansi Microsoft Windows selama bertahun-tahun membuat user sudah sangat terbiasa dan enggan beradaptasi dengan OS terbaru.

iPhone adalah telepon genggam produksi Apple Inc. yang memiliki fungsi kamera, pemutar multimedia, SMS, dan visual voicemail. Selain itu telepon ini juga dapat dihubungkan dengan internet, misalnya untuk mengirim email, menjelajah web, dan lain-lain. Antarmuka dengan pengguna adalah layar multi-touch dengan papan ketik virtual dan tombol. Sistem operasi iPhone adalah versi ringan Mac OS X tanpa berbagai komponen yang tidak diperlukan. Sistem operasi ini memakan ruang sebanyak 700 MB.

Hubungan antara MAC OS dengan iPhone adalah iPhone menjalankan sistem operasi iPhone OS yang berbasiskan varian-varian Darwin yang ditemukan di pusat sistem operasi MAC OS X. Tidak lupa ditemukan juga ‘Core Animation’ software component dari MAC OS X v10.5 Leopard.

jadi mengerti cara membuat blog..

Background

The SS was formed in 1925 as a personal guard unit for Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, (“Die Schutz-Staffel der NSDAP” [Shield Squadron of the NSDAP]). Under the leadership of Heinrich Himmler between 1929 and 1945, the SS grew from a small paramilitary formation to become one of the largest and most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany.^[1][2][3] The first leader of the SS was a journalist named Berchtold from the Nazi party newspaper “People’s Observer” (Völkischer Beobachter). Berchtold was then replaced by Erhard Heiden.^[4]

[edit] Racial requirements for membership

The Nazis regarded the SS as an elite unit, the party’s “Praetorian Guard,” with all SS personnel (originally) selected on the principles of racial purity and unconditional loyalty to the Nazi Party.^[5][3] In the early days of the SS, officer candidates had to prove German ancestry to 1750. They also were required to prove that they had no Jewish ancestors. Later, when the requirements of the war made it impossible to confirm the ancestry of officer candidates, the proof of ancestry regulation was dropped.

In contrast to the black-uniformed Allgemeine SS (the political wing of the SS), the Waffen-SS (the military wing) evolved into a second German army aside the Wehrmacht (the regular armed forces) and operating in tandem with them; especially with the Heer (German Army).

[edit] Special ranks and uniforms

The SS was distinguished from other branches of the German military, the National Socialist Party, and German state officials by its own rank structure, unit insignia, and uniforms. The all-black SS uniform was designed by SS-Oberführer Prof. Karl Diebitsch and Walter Heck (graphic designer).^[6] This sinister icon, however, was rarely worn after the war began,^[7] SS men instead wearing uniforms of dove-grey or Army field-grey with distinctive insignia. The uniforms were made by Hugo Boss, with some workers being prisoners of war forced into labor work.^[8] The SS also developed its own field uniforms. Initially these were similar to standard Wehrmacht wool uniforms but they also included reversible smocks and helmet covers printed with camouflage patterns with a brown/green “spring” side and a brown/brown “autumn” side. In 1944 the Waffen SS began using a universal camouflage uniform intended to replace the wool field uniform.

[edit] Merger with police forces

As the Nazi party monopolized political power in Germany, key government functions such as law enforcement were absorbed into the SS, while many SS organizations became the de facto government agencies. To maintain the political power and security of the Nazi party, the SS established and ran the Sicherheitsdienst or SD (the party security and intelligence service) and took over the Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo), the state secret police. These actions effectively put the SS above the law.

[edit] Personal control of Himmler

Himmler, the leader of the SS, was a chief architect of the Final Solution. The SS Einsatzgruppen death squads, formed by his deputy, Heydrich, murdered many civilian non-combatants, mostly Jews, in the countries occupied by Germany during World War II. Himmler was responsible for establishing and operating concentration camps and extermination camps in which millions of inmates died of systematic mass gassing, inhumane treatment, overwork, malnutrition, or medical experiments. After the war, the judges of the Nuremberg Trials declared part of the SS, the SD, a criminal organization responsible for the implementation of racial policies of genocide and committing war crimes and crimes against humanity.

[edit] History

[edit] Origins

The group was first formed in 1923, as a company of the SA who were given the task of protecting senior leaders of the Nazi Party at rallies, speeches, and other public events. Commanded by Emil Maurice, and known as the Stabswache (Staff Guard), they were nicknamed the “Brown Shirts” according to their dress. The original group consisted of eight men and was modeled after the Erhardt Naval Brigade, a violent Freikorps of the time.

After the failed 1923 Putsch by the Nazi Party, the SA and the Stabswache were abolished, yet they returned in 1925. At that time, the Stabswache was reestablished as the “Stosstrupp Adolf Hitler”, given the task of providing personal protection for Hitler at Nazi Party functions and events. That same year, the Stosstrupp was expanded to a national level, and renamed as the Schutzstaffel (SS). The new SS was delegated to be a protection company of various Nazi Party leaders throughout Germany. Hitler’s personal SS protective unit was later enlarged to include combat units and received the name “Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler” (LSSAH). After Germany mobilized in 1939, the combat units in the LSSAH were mobilized as well, leaving a small honor guard behind to protect Hitler. It is these SS troops that are seen at Hitler’s Obersalzberg estate in his personal 8 mm movie.

[edit] Development

Between 1925 and 1929, the SS was considered merely a battalion of the SA and numbered no more than 280 personnel. On January 6, 1929, Hitler appointed Himmler as the leader of the SS, and by the end of 1932, the SS had 52,000 members. By the end of the next year, it had over 209,000 members. Himmler’s expansion of the SS was based on models from other groups, such as the Knights Templar and the Italian Blackshirts. According to SS–Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS, Karl Wolff, it was also based on the model from the Society of Jesus of absolute obedience to the Pope. The motto of the SS was “Treu, Tapfer, Gehorsam” (Loyal, Valiant, Obedient).^[9]

Before 1932, the SS wore the same uniform as the SA, with the exception of a black tie and a black cap with a Totenkopf, skull and bones, (“death’s head”) symbol on it. Later, they adopted the black uniform, designed by Prof. Diebitsch and Walter Heck (and made by Hugo Boss). In 1938 a dove-grey uniform was issued. The Waffen (“armed”) SS wore a field-grey (feldgrau) uniform similar to the regular army, or Reichsheer. During the war, Waffen-SS units wore a wide range of items printed with camouflage patterns (such as Platanenmuster, Erbsenmuster, captured Italian Telo Mimetico, etc.), while their feldgrau uniforms became largely indistinguishable from those of the Heer, save for the insignia. In 1945, the SS adopted the Leibermuster disruptive pattern that inspired many forms of modern battle dress, although it was not widely issued before the end of the war.

Their motto was “Meine Ehre heißt Treue (“My Honor is Loyalty.”) The SS rank system was unique in that it did not copy the terms and ranks used by the Wehrmacht‘s branches (Heer (“army”), Luftwaffe (“air force”), and Kriegsmarine (“navy”)), but instead used the ranks established by the post-WWI Freikorps and taken over by the SA. This was mainly done to establish the SS as being independent from the Wehrmacht, although SS ranks do generally have equivalents in the other services.

Heinrich Himmler, together with his right-hand man, Reinhard Heydrich, consolidated the power of the organization. In 1931, Himmler gave Heydrich the assignment to build an intelligence and security service inside the SS, which became the Sicherheitsdienst (SD). By the time the war began, the number of members rose to 250,000, and the Waffen-SS was formed in December 1940, expanding the earlier armed SS troops who had fought in Poland and France in 1939-40, to serve as part of the Wehrmacht, Germany’s regular armed forces. The SS also received control of the Gestapo in 1934, and, that same year, Hitler had given the SS jurisdiction over all concentration camps. In the wake of the plot against Hitler’s life by a group of regular military generals in July 1944, the Führer came to distrust his regular military, putting ever more trust in the SS, particularly Himmler, who had acted against the plotters and their families. This attitude of Hitler’s was further shown at the very end of the war, when he refused to station himself in the OKW bunker in Berlin, claiming that he did not ‘trust the strength of army concrete’, however the true reason was probably that he feared another generals’ plot and so chose to stay in his own headquarters, surrounded by an apparently more loyal SS retinue.

[edit] Early SS Disunity

Far from the united instrument of terror that the SS would eventually become, in its first year of existence, the SS was in fact significantly divided into several factions both geographically within Germany as well as within the structure of the SS as a whole. In addition, prior to 1934, the Gestapo was considered a civilian police agency completely separate from the SS and, in some cases, the Gestapo came into direct conflict with the SS and even attempted to arrest some of its members.

The first major division in the early SS was between SS units in Northern Germany, situated around Berlin, and SS units in southern Germany headquartered around Munich. The “Northern-SS” was under the command of Kurt Daluege who had close ties to Hermann Göring and enjoyed his position in Berlin where most of the Nazi government offices were located. This in contrast to the SS in southern Germany, commanded unquestionably by Heinrich Himmler and located mostly in Munich which was the location of the major Nazi political offices.

Within the SS, early divisions also developed between the “General SS” and the SS under the command of Sepp Dietrich which would eventually become the Waffen-SS. The early military SS was kept quite separate from the regular SS and Dietrich introduced early regulations that the military SS answered directly to Hitler, and not Himmler, and for several months even ordered his troops to wear the black SS uniform without a swastika armband to separate the soldiers from other SS units once the black uniform had become common throughout the Germany.

The division between the military and general SS never entirely disappeared even in the last days of World War II. Senior Waffen-SS commanders had little respect for Himmler and he was nicknamed “Reichsheine” by the Waffen-SS rank and file. Himmler himself worsened his own position when he attempted to hold a military command in the last days of the war and proved totally incompetent as a military field commander.

The Gestapo, which would eventually become an integrated part of the SS security forces, was at first a large “thorn in the side” to Himmler as the group was originally a political police force under the personal command of Hermann Göring. Early Gestapo activities came into direct conflict with the SS and it was not until the SA became a common enemy that Göring turned over control of the Gestapo to Himmler and Heydrich (the three then worked together to destroy the greater threat of the SA leadership). Even so, Göring was reported to have disliked Himmler to the last days of the war and even turned down honorary SS rank since he did not want to any way be subordinated to Himmler.^[10]

[edit] The SS before 1933

[edit] 1925–1928

In early 1925, the SS was a single, eight-man company that was Hitler’s personal bodyguard. In September, all local NSDAP offices were ordered to create body guard units of no more than ten men apiece. By 1926, six SS-Gaus were established, supervising all such units in Germany. In turn, the SS-Gaus answered to the SS-Oberleitung, the headquarters unit. The SS-Oberleitung answered to the office of the SA Chief of Staff, clearly establishing the SS as a subordinate unit of the Sturmabteilung.

Between 1926 and 1928, the SS command Gaus were as follows:

• SS-Gau Berlin Brandenburg
• SS-Gau Franken
• SS-Gau Niederbayern
• SS-Gau Rheinland-Süd
• SS-Gau Sachsen

[edit] 1929–1931

In 1929, the SS-Oberleitung was expanded and reorganized into the SS-Oberstab with five main offices, as listed below:

• Abteilung I: Administration
• Abteilung II: Personnel
• Abteilung III: Finance
• Abteilung IV: Security
• Abteilung V: Race

At the same time, the SS-Gaus were expanded into three SS-Oberführerbereiche as listed below

• SS-Oberführerbereiche Ost
• SS-Oberführerbereiche West
• SS-Oberführerbereiche Süd

Each SS-Oberführerbereiche contained several SS-Brigaden, which in turn were divided into regiment-sized SS-Standarten.

[edit] 1931–1933

In 1931, as the SS began to increase its membership to over 100,000, the organization was again restructured beginning with the SS-Oberleitung, which was replaced by the SS-Amt, divided into five sections as follows:

• Section I: Headquarters Staff
• Section II: Personnel Office
• Section III: Administration Office
• Section IV: SS Reserves
• Section V: SS Medical Corps

In addition to the SS-Amt, the SS-Rasseamt (Race Office) and Sicherheitsdienst Amt (Office of the SD) were established as two separate offices on an equal footing with the Headquarters Office.

At the same time that the SS Headquarters was being reorganized, the SS-Oberführerbereichen were replaced with five SS-Gruppen, listed as follows:

• SS-Gruppen Nord
• SS-Gruppen Ost
• SS-Gruppen Süd
• SS-Gruppen Südost
• SS-Gruppen West

The lower levels of the SS remained unchanged between 1931 and 1933; however, it was during this time that the SS began to establish its independence from the Sturmabteilung (SA), which the SS was still considered merely a sub-organization and answerable to the SA Chief of Staff.^[10]

[edit] The SS after the Nazi seizure of power

After the Nazi seizure of power, the mission of the SS expanded from the protection of the person of Adolf Hitler to the internal security of the Nazi regime.^[11] In 1936, Himmler described the new mission of the SS, protecting the internal security of the regime, in his pamphlet, “The SS as an Anti-bolshevist Fighting Organization.”

We shall unremittingly fulfill our task, the guaranty of the security of Germany from the interior, just as the Wehr-macht guarantees the safety, the honor, the greatness, and the peace of the Reich from the exterior. We shall take care that never again in Germany, the heart of Europe, will the Jewish-Bolshevistic revolution of subhumans be able to be kindled either from within or through emissaries from without. Without pity we shall be a merciless sword of justice for all those forces whose existence and activity we know, on the day of the slightest attempt, may it be today, may it be in decades or may it be in centuries.^[12]

Following Hitler’s assumption of power in Germany, the SS became regarded as a state organization and a branch of the established government. The Headquarters Staff, SD, and Race Office became full-time paid employees, as did the leaders of the SS-Gruppen and some of their command staffs. The rest of the SS were considered part-time volunteers, and in this concept the Allgemeine-SS came into being.

By the autumn of 1933, Hitler’s personal bodyguard (previously SS-Standarten 1 situated in Munich) had been called to Berlin to replace the Army Chancellery Guard as protectors of the Chancellor of Germany. By the start of 1934, the SS guard in Berlin had taken on the name of the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH), and would later become the first division in the Order of Battle of the Waffen-SS.

[edit] 1934–1936

On April 20, 1934, (as a prelude to the Night of the Long Knives), Göring transferred the Gestapo to Himmler, who was also named chief of all German police forces outside Prussia. Himmler on April 22, 1934 named Heydrich the head of the Gestapo.

Following the Night of the Long Knives, the SS again underwent a massive reorganization. The SS-Gruppen were renamed as SS-Oberabschnitt, and the former SS Headquarters and command offices were reorganized into eight SS-Hauptämter. The SS-Hauptamt offices would eventually grow in number from eight to twelve main offices by 1944. These offices remained unchanged in their names until the end of World War II and the fall of the SS.

By mid-1934, the SS had taken control of all concentration camps from the SA, and a new organization, the SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV) had been established as the SS Concentration Camp Service. The original SS-TV was organized into six Wachtruppen at each of Germany’s major concentration camps. The Wachtruppe were expanded in 1935 into Wachsturmbann and again in 1937 into three main SS-Totenkopfstandarten. This structure would remain unchanged until 1941, when a massive labor and death camp system in the occupied territories necessitated the concentration camps to be placed under the Waffen-SS into three main divisions of Labor Camps, Concentration Camps, and Death Camps.

The early Waffen-SS can trace its origins to 1934 in the SS-Verfügungstruppe. Established as a military company of the SS, the Verfügungstruppe grew into three SS Divisions which would, along with the Leibstandarte, become part of the Waffen-SS in 1941.

[edit] 1936–1939

Himmler was named the chief of all German police on June 17, 1936. The SS thereby absorbed all of Germany’s regular police forces and formed the Ordnungspolizei and the Kriminalpolizei. Further, the Gestapo was incorporated into the Sipo or Sicherheitspolizei with the Kripo or Kriminalpolizel (Criminal Police) and considered a sister organisation of the SD or Sicherheitsdienst. Reinhard Heydrich was head of the Sipo (made up of the Gestapo and Kripo) and SD. Heinrich Müller, was chief of operations of the Gestapo. In September of 1939, the security and police agencies of Nazi Germany were consolidated into the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA), headed by Heydrich. The Gestapo became Department IV of RSHA and Müller became the Gestapo Chief, with Heydrich as his immediate superior. After Heydrich’s assassination in 1942, Ernst Kaltenbrunner became head of RSHA and Müller remained the Gestapo Chief (a position he occupied until the end of the war).

In 1939, from the existing Totenkopfverbände was formed the SS Division Totenkopf composed of former members of the Concentration Camp service. The Totenkopf or “Death’s Head” division would later become a division of the Waffen-SS.

[edit] Austrian SS

The Austrian branch of the SS developed in 1934 as a covert force to influence the Anschluss with Germany which would occur in 1938. The early Austrian SS was led by Ernst Kaltenbrunner and Arthur Seyss-Inquart. The Austrian SS was technically under the command of the German SS and Heinrich Himmler but acted independently concerning Austrian affairs.

Austrian SS men were organized under the same manner as the Allgemeine-SS but operated as an underground organization, in particular after 1936 when the Austrian government declared the SS an illegal organization. The Austrian SS used the same rank system as the regular SS, but rarely used uniforms or identifying insignia. Photographic evidence indicates that Austrian SS men typically would wear a swastika armband on civilian clothes, and then only at secret SS meetings.

After 1938, when Austria was annexed by Germany, the Austrian SS was completely incorporated into the regular SS. Most of the Austrian SS was folded into Oberabschnitt Donau with a new concentration camp at Mauthausen opened under the authority of the SS Death’s Head units.

Cultural differences between Austrian and German SS men were present to the end of World War II, even though in theory the two countries contributed to a single SS. The issue was highlighted in 1943, when Austrian SS commanders were responsible for heavy losses in the first days of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and charged with negligence. Jürgen Stroop, the Higher SS and Police Leader in Warsaw, overturned several courts martial sentences since it was believed that Austrian members of the SS might rebel against the German officers who passed the sentences.

A notable figure of the Austrian SS included Amon Göth, who was portrayed in the film Schindler’s List by Ralph Fiennes. Göth had joined the Austrian SS in 1930 and was an underground member to 1938, after which he entered the Concentration Camp service.

[edit] The SS during World War II

The war helped Hitler transform his empire into undoubtedly the most powerful political and economic force in mainland Europe, and by 1944, the SS had grown into a vast and complex organization.

[edit] SS and police leaders

The most powerful men in the SS were the SS and Police Leaders, divided into three levels: Regular Leaders, Higher Leaders, and Supreme Leaders. Such persons normally held the rank of SS-Gruppenführer or above and answered directly to Himmler in all matters pertaining to the SS in their area of responsibility. Thus, SS and Police Leaders bypassed all other chains of command. In Himmler’s grand dream of the SS, the SS and Police Leaders were eventually to become SS-Governors of the Lebensraum which would be ruled by SS-Lords, protected by SS-Legions, and worked and lived in by SS-Peasant Warriors.

[edit] SS offices

By 1940, the SS organizational structure was denoted by three distinct branches: the general SS (Allgemeine-SS), military SS (Waffen-SS) and the concentration camp SS (SS-Totenkopfverbände).

By 1944, all activities of the organization within and outside Germany were managed through the 12 main offices of the Allgemeine-SS. ^[14]

• Hauptamt Persönlicher Stab Reichsführer-SS, Personal Staff of the Reich Leader SS (ie, Himmler)
• SS Hauptamt, SS-HA, Main Administrative Office
• SS Führungshauptamt, SS-FHA, SS Main Operational Office (military command for the Waffen-SS)
• Hauptamt SS Gericht, Main Office of SS Legal Matters
• SS Rasse und Siedlungshauptamt, RuSHA, SS Office of Race and Settlement
• SS Personalhauptamt, SS Personnel Main Office
• Reichssicherheitshauptamt, RSHA, Reich Main Security Office
• Hauptamt Ordnungspolizei, Main Office of the Order Police
• Wirtschafts und Verwaltungshauptamt, SS-WVHA, Economic and Administration Main Office (which administered the concentration camp system)
• Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle, VOMI, Racial German Assistance Main Office
• Hauptamt Dienststelle Heissmeyer, SS Education Office
• Hauptamt Reichskommissar für die Festigung Deutschen Volkstums, RKFVD, Main Office of the Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood

The Einsatzgruppen, SD, and the Gestapo were under the overall command of the RSHA.

[edit] Allgemeine-SS

The Allgemeine-SS (the “General SS”) refers to a non-combat branch of the SS. The Allgemeine-SS formations were divided into Standarten, organized into larger formations known as Abschnitte and Oberabschnitte. The Allgemeine-SS members were considered more or less reservists, and many Allgemeine-SS personnel served in other branches of the German military, the Nazi Party, departments of the RSHA or the Waffen-SS. For those who served in the Waffen-SS, it was a standard practice to hold separate SS ranks for both the Allgemeine-SS and the Waffen-SS.

[edit] SS Cavalry Corps

The SS Cavalry Corps (German: Reiter-SS) comprised several Reiterstandarten and Reiterabschnitte that were equestrian riding groups founded to attract the German upper class and nobility into the SS. In the 1930s, the SS Cavalry Corps was considered as a starting point for a military branch of the SS, but this idea was phased out with the rise of the SS-Verfügungstruppe, which would later become known as the Waffen-SS.

By 1941, the SS-Cavalry Corps was little more than a social club with most of the serious cavalry officers having transferred to combat units in the Waffen-SS and the SS Cavalry Brigade. Between 1942 and 1945, the Reiter-SS effectively ceased to exist except on paper and with only a handful of members. At the subsequent Nuremberg War Crimes Trial, when the SS was judged a criminal organization, the Tribunal made a special note that this distinction did not include members of the “Rider-SS” due to the Reiter-SS’ having insignificant involvement with the activities contributed to the SS as a whole.

[edit] Germanic-SS

The Germanic-SS was an SS-modeled structure formed in occupied territories and allied countries. The main purpose of the Germanic-SS was enforcement of Nazi racial doctrine and anti-semitic policies. Denmark and Belgium were the two largest participants in the Germanic-SS program. Germanic-SS members wore their own uniforms with a modification of SS rank titles and insignia. All Germanic-SS units answered to the SS headquarters in Germany.

[edit] SS Medical Corps

The first units of the SS Medical Corps began to appear in the 1930s. Within each SS-Sturmbann (battalion), there existed one company of SS personnel whose duty was to serve as medical support personnel to the rest of the SS battalion.

Known as the Sanitätsstaffel, these formations were originally small units under the command of local SS leaders. After 1931, however, the SS formed a headquarters office known as Amt V, which was the central office for SS medical units. At this same time, a special SS unit was formed known as the Röntgensturmbann SS-HA, or the Hauptamt X-Ray Battalion. This formation comprised 350 full time SS personnel who toured Germany offering X-ray diagnostics to any SS member. While the Röntgensturmbann was an independent office, the local Sanitätsstaffel were under dual command of both the SS Medical Office (Amt V), and the leaders of the various SS-Sturmbann and Standarten.

When the Nazis came to power in 1933, the SS was reorganized and an office of the SS Surgeon General was established. Commanding by an SS-Obergruppenführer, the SS Surgeon General was a member of the personal staff of the Reichsführer-SS, with the SS Medical Corps, as a whole, losing the status of a headquarters office. This was an important development in changing the nature of service for members of the SS Medical Corps.

By 1935, the SS Medical Corps was considered an ‘auxiliary duty’, and all members of the medical corps were also attached to regular SS formations. To denote medical corps status, the SS authorized a serpent crest to be worn on the collar patches of SS unit insignia. Since SS Medical Corps members could now serve in any branch of the SS, this expansion allowed medical professionals to join every SS office and participate in a variety of duties.

Between 1935 and 1938, the SS Medical Corps began to serve a more sinister purpose, with SS doctors serving in concentration camps and engaging in a variety of human medical experiments. SS doctors were also called upon, in 1936, to assist with Germany’s euthanasia program against the mentally disabled and physically handicapped.

When World War II began in 1939, the SS Medical Corps extended itself in the Armed wing of the SS which would, by 1941, be known as the Waffen-SS. Waffen-SS doctors were highly trained both in medical skills and combat tactics with many such doctors receiving high combat awards.

It was also during World War II that SS doctors reached their height with human medical experiments, the most notorious of which occurred at Dachau concentration camp and Auschwitz. Such experiments ranged from vivisections, sterilization experiments, infectious disease research, freezing experiments, as well as many other excruciating medical procedures often performed without anesthetic. This period of time also saw the work of one of the most notorious SS doctors in history, Doctor Josef Mengele, who served as Head Medical Officer of Auschwitz and was responsible for daily gas chamber selections as well as brutal experiments on human twins.

In 1945, after the surrender of Germany, the SS was declared an illegal criminal organization by the Allies. SS doctors, in particular, were marked as war criminals due to the wide range of human medical experimentation which had been conducted during World War II as well as the role SS doctors had played in the gas chamber selections of the Holocaust. Relatively few SS doctors, however, were ever brought to justice with such figures as Josef Mengele escaping to Argentina while still other SS doctors returned to civilian practice in Germany under assumed names or, in some cases, even their original identities.

[edit] Concentration camp service

The Holocaust
Early elements
Racial policy · Nazi eugenics · Nuremberg Laws · Euthanasia program · Concentration camps (list)
Jews
Jews in Nazi Germany (1933–1939)
Pogroms: Kristallnacht · Bucharest · Dorohoi · Iaşi · Kaunas · Jedwabne · Lviv
Ghettos: Budapest · Lublin · Lviv · Łódź · Kraków · Kovno · Minsk · Warsaw · Vilna (list)
Einsatzgruppen: Babi Yar · Rumbula · Ponary · Odessa · Erntefest · Ninth Fort
Final Solution: Wannsee · Operation Reinhard · Holocaust trains · Extermination camps
Concentration and Extermination camps: Auschwitz-Birkenau · Bełżec · Bergen-Belsen · Bogdanovka · Buchenwald · Chełmno · Dachau · Gross-Rosen · Herzogenbusch · Janowska · Jasenovac · Kaiserwald · Majdanek · Maly Trostenets · Mauthausen-Gusen · Neuengamme · Ravensbrück · Sachsenhausen · Sajmište · Salaspils · Sobibór · Stutthof · Theresienstadt · Treblinka · Uckermark Resistance: Jewish partisans · Ghetto uprisings (Warsaw · Białystok · Łachwa)
End of World War II: Death marches · Berihah · Surviving Remnant
Other victims
Romani people · Homosexuals · People with disabilities · Slavs in Eastern Europe · Poles · Soviet POWs · Jehovah’s Witnesses
Responsible parties
Nazi Germany: Adolf Hitler · Heinrich Himmler · Ernst Kaltenbrunner · Reinhard Heydrich · Adolf Eichmann · Rudolf Höß · Nazi Party · Schutzstaffel · Gestapo · Sturmabteilung Collaborators Aftermath: Nuremberg Trials · Denazification · Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany
Lists
Survivors · Victims · Rescuers
Resources
The Destruction of the European Jews Functionalism versus intentionalism
v • d • e

After 1934, the running of Germany’s concentration camps was placed under the total authority of the SS and an SS formation known as the SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), under the command of Theodor Eicke. Known as the “Death’s Head Units”, the SS-TV was first organized as several regiments, each based at one of Germany’s major concentration camps, the largest of which was at Dachau. In 1939, the Totenkopfverbände expanded into a military division with the establishment of the Totenkopf division, which by 1941 would become a full division within the Waffen-SS.

In 1939, with the start of World War II, the Totenkopfverbände began a large expansion that eventually would develop into three branches covering each type of concentration camp the SS operated. By 1944, there existed three divisions of the SS-TV, those being the staffs of the concentration camps proper in Germany and Austria, the labor camp system in occupied territories, and the guards and staffs of the extermination camps in Poland that were involved in the Holocaust.

In 1942, for administrative reasons, the guard and administrative staff of all the concentration camps became full members of the Waffen-SS. In addition, to oversee the large administrative burden of an extensive labor camp system, the concentration camps were placed under the command of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt (WVHA). Oswald Pohl commanded the WVHA, while Richard Glücks served as the Inspector of Concentration Camps.

By 1944, with the concentration camps fully integrated with the Waffen-SS and under the control of the WVHA, a standard practice developed to rotate SS members in and out of the camps, based on manpower needs and also to give assignments to wounded Waffen-SS officers and soldiers who could no longer serve in front-line combat duties. This rotation of personnel is the main argument that nearly the entire SS knew of the concentration camps, and what actions were committed within, making the entire organization liable for war crimes and crimes against humanity.

[edit] Death squads

To save ammunition, the SS executioners, under the supervision of people such as Obergruppenführer Friedrich Jeckeln, used one bullet to kill a victim. The killers would attempt to kill mothers with small children, also with a single shot, by shooting the child first with the bullet passing through child’s body and into the mother’s.^[15]

The Einsatzgruppen were special units of the SS that were formed on an ‘as-needed’ basis under the authority of the Sicherheitspolizei and later the RSHA, whose commander was Heydrich. The first Einsatzgruppen were created in 1938 for use during the Anschluss of Austria and again in 1939 for the annexation of Czechoslovakia. The original purpose of the Einsatzgruppen was to ‘enter occupied areas, seize vital records, and neutralize potential threats’. In Austria and Czechoslovakia, the activities of the Einsatzgruppen were mainly limited to Nazification of local governments and assistance with the establishment of new concentration camps.

In 1939 the Einsatzgruppen were reactivated and sent into Poland to exterminate the Polish elite, so that there would be no leadership to form a resistance to German occupation. In 1941, the Einsatzgruppen reached their height when they were sent into Russia to begin large-scale extermination and genocide of “undesirables” such as Jews, Gypsies, and communists.

The last Einsatzgruppen were disbanded in mid 1944 (although on paper some continued to exist until 1945) due to the retreating German forces on both fronts and the inability to carry on with further “in-the-field” extermination activities. Former Einsatzgruppen members were either folded into the Waffen-SS or took up roles in the more established Concentration Camps such as Auschwitz.

[edit] Special action units

Beginning around 1938, the SS enacted a procedure where offices and units of the SS could form smaller sub-units, known as Sonderkommandos, to carry out special tasks and actions which might involve sending agents or troops into the field. The use of Sonderkommandos was very widespread, and according to former SS-Major Wilhelm Höttl, not even the SS leadership knew how many Sonderkommandos were constantly being formed, disbanded, and reformed for various tasks.

Wikisource has original text related to this article: Comprehensive report of Einsatzgruppe A up to 15 October 1941

The best-known Sonderkommandos were formed from the SS Economic-Administrative Head Office, the SS Head Office, and also Department VII of the Reich Main Security Office (Science and Research) whose duties were to confiscate valuable items from Jewish libraries.

The Eichmann Sonderkommando was attached to the Security Police and the SD in terms of provisioning and manpower, but maintained a special position in the SS due to its direct role in the deportation of Jews to the death camps as part of the Final Solution.

The term Sonderkommando was ironically also used to describe the teams of Jewish prisoners who were forced to work in gas chambers and crematoria, receiving special privileges and above-average treatment, before then being gassed themselves. An important distinction is that these Jewish special-action units were not considered regular SS Sonderkommandos; but rather the term for special action unit was simply applied to these obviously non-SS personnel due to the nature of the tasks which they performed.

[edit] Order Police

In 1936, the SS absorbed the regular German police forces and incorporated all local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies into the Ordnungspolizei. SS-Obergruppenführer Kurt Daluege became commander of the Ordnungspolizei (known as the Orpo), and Heinrich Himmler became Chief of the German Police.^[16] By 1944, the Orpo had also absorbed minor law enforcement agencies such as the Postal Police, Railway Security Police, Water Protection Police, and even night watchmen who were considered state employees. The Ordnungspolizei had a separate system of Orpo ranks and it was possible for Orpo members to hold dual status in both the SS and the Orpo. In 1944, all Orpo Police Generals gained equivalent Waffen-SS rank so that they would be treated as military officers, instead of police officials, if captured by the Allies. The Orpo also maintained a military division, considered part of the Waffen-SS as well as a number of Police Regiments which performed security duties under the authority of the RSHA.

[edit] Auxiliary SS

The Auxiliary-SS (SS mannschaft or “wiking”) was an organization that arose in 1945 as a last ditch effort to keep concentration camps running. Auxiliary-SS members were not considered regular SS personnel, but were conscripted members from other branches of the German military, the Nazi Party, and the Volkssturm. Such personnel wore a distinctive twin swastika collar patch and served as camp guard and administrative personnel until the surrender of Germany.

Auxiliary SS members had the distinct disadvantage of being the “last ones in the camp” as the major Concentration Camps were liberated by allied forces. As a result, many auxiliary SS members, in particular those captured by Russian forces, faced swift and fierce retaliation and were often held personally responsible for the carnage of the camps to which some had only been assigned for a few weeks or even days.

There also exists very few records of the Auxiliary SS since, at the time of this group’s creation, it was a forgone conclusion that Germany had lost the Second World War and the entire purpose of the Auxiliary SS was to serve in support roles while members of the SS proper escaped from allied forces. Thus, there was never a serious effort to properly train, equip, or maintain records on the Auxiliary SS and many in the regular SS “looked down” upon such persons with feelings that they would soon be captured or dead and therefore deserved little attention.

[edit] Helferinnen Corps

The SS-Helferinnenkorps, translated literally as ‘Women Helper Corps’, comprised women volunteers who joined the SS as auxiliary personnel. Such personnel were not considered actual SS members, since SS membership was closed to women.

The Helferin Corps maintained a simple system of ranks, mainly SS-Helfer, SS-Oberhelfer, and SS-Haupthelfer. Members of the Helferin Corps were assigned to a wide variety of activities such as administrative staff, supply support personnel, and female guards at concentration camps.

[edit] Waffen-SS

The Waffen-SS were frontline combat troops trained to fight in Germany’s battles during WWII. During the early campaigns against Poland and France, Waffen-SS units were of regiment size and drawn from existing armed SS formations:

• The Leibstandarte, Hitler’s personal bodyguard.
• The Death’s-Head Battalions (German: Totenkopfverbände), which administered the concentration camps.
• The Combat Support Force, (German: Verfügungstruppe).

In 1941 Himmler announced that additional Waffen-SS Verfügungstruppe units would be raised from non-German foreign nationals. His goal was to acquire additional manpower from occupied nations. These foreign legions eventually included volunteers from Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands.

While the Waffen-SS remained officially outside the Armed Forces (Wehrmacht) and under Himmler’s authority, they were placed under the operational command of the Armed Forces High Command (OKW) or Army High Command (OKH), and were largely funded by the Wehrmacht. During the war, the Waffen-SS grew to 38 divisions. The most famous are the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH), the SS Division Das Reich, the SS Division Totenkopf and the 12th SS Panzerdivision Hitlerjugend.

The Waffen-SS maintained several “Foreign Legions” of personnel from conquered territories and countries allied to Germany. The majority wore a distinctive national collar patch and preceded their SS rank titles with the prefix Waffen instead of SS. Volunteers from Scandinavian countries filled the ranks of two divisions, the 5th “Wiking” and 11th “Nordland.” Belgian Flemings joined Dutchmen to form the “Nederland” Legion, and their Walloon compatriots joined the Sturmbrigade “Wallonien”. Racial restrictions were relaxed to the extent that Ukrainian Slavs, Albanians from Kosovo, and Turkic Tatars‘ units were recruited. The Ukrainians and the Tatars had both suffered persecution under Stalin and their motive was a hatred of Communism rather than sympathy for National Socialism. The exiled Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husayni, recruited an entire Waffen-SS division from Bosnian Muslims, the 13th SS Division “Handschar” (Scimitar) . ^[17] The year long Soviet occupation of the Baltic states at the beginning of World War II produced volunteers for Estonian and Latvian Waffen-SS units, though majority of those units still was formed by forced draft. However, some other occupied countries such as Greece and Poland never formed any Waffen-SS legions. (In Greece, the Fascist organisation ESPO tried to create a Greek SS division, but the attempt was abandoned after its leader was assassinated).

A similar formation was the Indische Freiwilligen Infanterie Regiment 950 (also known at various stages as the Indische Freiwilligen-Legion der Waffen-SS and Azad Hind Fauj.) See also the Tiger Legion and the Indian National Army.

The Legion Freies Indien, or Indische Freiwilligen Infanterie Regiment 950 was created in August 1942, chiefly from disaffected Indian soldiers of the British Indian Army, captured by the Axis in North Africa. Many, if not most, of the Indian volunteers who switched sides to fight with the German Army and against the British were strongly nationalistic supporters of the exiled, anti-British, former president of the Indian National Congress, Netaji (the Leader) Subhash Chandra Bose.

[edit] Ahnenerbe SS

The Scientific Branch of the SS that was used to provide scientific and archeological proof of Aryan supremacy. Formed in 1935 by Himmler and Herman Wirth, the society did not become part of the SS until 1939.

[edit] Background

Situations arose early in the Nazi regime of SS activities coming into conflict with German law. The first recorded instances, of SS personnel charged with breaking the law through the performance of their duties, was in 1934 at Dachau, when the local town magistrate charged several SS guards with murder after several prisoners were executed without cause or trial.

The SS response to the German legal establishment was to petition the Reich Ministry of Justice to pass an act that removed the SS, and all of its members, from the jurisdiction of the civilian courts. This effectively placed the SS ‘above the law’, and its members could break regular German law without fear of penalty.

For those SS personnel who committed acts that were illegal even by SS standards, the SS established a series of SS and Police Courts. The SS and Police Courts were the only authority that could try SS personnel for criminal behavior and were under the authority of the Hauptamt SS Gericht.

[edit] Court types

The different SS and Police Courts were as follows:

• SS- und Polizeigericht: Standard SS and Police Court for trial of SS officers and enlisted men accused of minor and somewhat serious crimes
• Feldgerichte: Waffen-SS Court for court martial of Waffen-SS military personnel accused of violating the military penal code of the German Armed Forces.
• Oberstes SS- und Polizeigericht: The Supreme SS and Police Court for trial of serious crimes and also any infraction committed by SS Generals.
• SS- und Polizeigericht z.b. V.: The Extraordinary SS and Police Court was a secret tribunal that was assembled to deal with highly sensitive issues which were desired to be kept secret even from the SS itself.

The one exception to the SS and Police Courts jurisdiction involved members of the Allgemeine-SS who were serving on active duty in the regular Wehrmacht. In such cases, the SS member in question was subject to regular Wehrmacht military law and could face charges before a standard military tribunal.

According to Simon Wiesenthal, towards the end of World War II, a group of former SS officers went to Argentina and set up a Nazi fugitive network code-named ODESSA, (an acronym for Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen, “Organization of the former SS members”), with ties in Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and the Vatican, operating out of Buenos Aires. ODESSA allegedly helped Adolf Eichmann, Josef Mengele, Erich Priebke, and many other war criminals find postwar refuge in Latin America.

It is estimated that out of roughly 70,000 members of the SS involved in crimes in German concentration camps, only between 1650 and 1700 were trialed after the war.^[18]

Argentinian citizen and water company worker Ricardo Klement was discovered to be Adolf Eichmann in the 1950s, by former Jewish Dachau worker Lothar Hermann, whose daughter, Sylvia, became romantically involved with Klaus Klement (born Klaus Eichmann in 1936 in Berlin). He was captured by the Israeli Secret Service, Mossad, in a suburb of Buenos Aires on May 11, 1960, and tried in Jerusalem on April 11, 1961, where he explicitly declared that he had abdicated his conscience in order to follow the Führerprinzip (the ‘leader principle’ or superior orders).

Josef Mengele, disguised as a member of the regular German infantry, was captured and released by the Allies, oblivious of who he was. He was able to go and work in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1949 and to Altos, Paraguay, in 1959 where he was discovered by Nazi hunters. From the late 1960s on, he exercised his medical practice in Embu, a small city near São Paulo, Brazil, under the identity of Wolfgang Gerhard, where in 1979, he suffered a stroke while swimming and drowned.

The British writer Gitta Sereny (born in 1921 in Hungary), who conducted interviews with SS men, considers the story about ODESSA untrue and attributes the escape of notorious SS members to postwar chaos, an individual bishop in the Vatican, and the Vatican’s inability to investigate the stories of those people who came requesting help.

More recent research, however, notably by the Argentine author and journalist Uki Goñi in his book The Real Odessa, has shown that such a network in fact existed, and in Argentina was largely run by Argentine President Juan Domingo Perón, a Nazi sympathiser who had been impressed by Mussolini’s reign in Italy during a military tour of duty in that country which also took him to Nazi Germany.

In the modern age, several neo-Nazi groups claim to be successor organizations to the SS. There is no single group, however, that is recognized as a continuation of the SS, and most such present-day organizations are loosely organized with separate agendas.

[edit] Notes

• Arenhövel, Verlag (1989). Topography of Terror. Berlin: Berliner Festspiele GmbH. (ISBN 3-922912-25-7)
• Browder, George C., Foundations of the Nazi Police State — The Formation of Sipo and SD, University of Kentucky, Lexington, (1990). ISBN 0-8131-1697-X
• Höhne, Heinz, Der Orden unter dem Totenkopf, English translation entitled The Order of the Death’s Head, The Story of Hitler’s SS. London: Pan Books Ltd. (1969).
• Infield, Glenn: The Secrets of the SS. ISBN 0-8128-1790-2
• International Military Tribunal (referred to as IMT), (1947-1949). Record of the Nuremberg Trials November 14, 1945 – October 1, 1946. 42 Vols. London: HMSO.
• Koehl, Robert Lewis. The Black Corps University of Wisconsin Press, (1983).
• Krausnick, Helmut (editor) Anatomy of the SS State with contributions by Hans Buchheim; Martin Broszat & Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, translated from the German by Richard Barry, Marian Jackson, Dorothy Long, New York : Walker, (1968).
• Lasik Aleksander, Sztafety Ochronne w systemie niemieckich obozów koncentracyjnych. Rozwój organizacyjny, ewolucja zadań i struktur oraz socjologiczny obraz obozowych załóg SS, wyd. Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau, Oświęcim 2007. ISBN 978-83-60210-32-1.
• Lumsden, Robin, A Collector’s Guide To: The Allgemeine – SS, Ian Allan Publishing, Inc. (2001). ISBN 0-7110-2905-9
• Mollo, Andrew, Pictorial History of the SS (1923 – 1945). ISBN 0-7128-2174-0
• Library of Congress Military Legal Resources: Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Volumes I though VIII
• Reitlinger, Gerald, The SS: Alibi of a Nation 1922-1945. Viking (Da Capo reprint), New York (1957). ISBN 0-306-80351-8
• Schultz, Sigrid: Germany Will Try It Again Reynal & Hitchcock, New York, (1944).
• Shirer, William L., The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Gramercy (1960). ISBN 0-517-10294-3
• Speer, Albert, Inside the Third Reich, pages 45, 94, 95, 144, 268-69 (Russian POWs), 369-371 (concentration camp labor), 372-374 (business enterprises and labor camps), Macmillan, New York 1970 ISBN 0-517-385791 (1982 Bonanza reprint).
• SS Officer Personnel Files, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland
• Tetens, T.H.: The New Germany and the Old Nazis (LCN 61-7240)
• Wechsbert, Joseph: The Murderers Among Us (LCN 67-13204)
• Yerger, Mark C. Allgemeine-SS: The Commands, Units, and Leaders of the General SS, Schiffer Publishing, 1997. ISBN 0-7643-0145-4
• Discussion and detailed verdict of the International Military Tribunal finding the SS to have been a criminal organization, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression. Vol. II. USGPO, Washington, 1946, pages 173-237

• Robert Lewis Koehl, 1989, The SS: A History 1919–1945, Tempus Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7524-2559-5
• Sven Hassel, 1969, SS General, Corgi Books. (Based on the author’s World War II experiences. The story takes place in the Russian front, especially during the siege of Stalingrad.)

John Titor, Penjelajah waktu yg datang dari tahun 2036.
Seseorang yang mengaku dari tahun 2036 datang ke tahun 2000 untuk
memposting di forum internet, mengaku sebagai prajurit amerika di
tahun 2036 mengemban misi ke tahun 1975 untuk mengambil komputer
portable pertama di dunia yaitu IBM 5100, dan mampir di tahun
2000-2001 untuk melihat keluarganya.
adapun pro dan kontra terhadap orang ini di forum menjadi topik hangat
saat itu, karena dia dapat membuktikan hal-hal yang akan terjadi di
masa dpn, dia juga mengupload foto mesin waktu nya, cara kerjanya, dan
juga menyebarkan formula ilmiah mesin waktu tersebut di forum.

Beberapa orang di forum mulai memberondong John Titor dgn beragam
pertanyaan, kesimpulan yang di dapat bahwa JOhn Titor adalah orang yg
cerdas dan mempunya ilmu pengetahuan science yg mendalam, meski JOhn
mengaku spesialisasi di History bukan di bidang komputer maupun
science.

Siapa John Titor ? Dia mengaku lahir tahun 1998 di florida, dia
mengemban tugas dari tahun 2036 untuk ke tahun 1975 tuk mengambil PC
IBM 5100, yg menurut dia dimana pc itu terdapat bahasa unix yg dpt
memecahkan beragam bahasa unix. menurut dia teknologi di pc itu hanya
seglintir org ibm saja yg tahu dan teknologi itu tidak pernah lagi di
pasang di pc generasi selanjut nya hingga 2036.
Menurut dia semua sistem unix akan menghadapi time error di tahun
2036, oleh sebab itu IBM 5100 sangat penting.

Hal ini langsung di akui oleh pihak IBM , dan mereka kaget, karena
hanya 5 org yg mengetahui hal itu, dan itu pun terjadi pada tahun
1975.

Konsep mesin waktu, John mengaku mesin waktu yg di pakai dia adalah
C204 yg dpt memuat sampai 3 org mesin ini dimiliki oleh militer
amerika di tahun 2036, dan mesin waktu bukan barang yg aneh di masa
dia, ada lagi yg tipe lebih besar yaitu C206 yg di buat oleh GE
(General Electric) dapat sampai 7 orang. Mesin ini hanya mampu membawa
mereka maksium 60tahun ke masa silam dgn kecepatan 10tahun per jam.

Teori mesin waktu menurut John Titor,

1. Apapun yg saya lakukan dgn pergi ke masa silam tidak akan merubah
masa depan saya, karena kita hidup di dimensi yg berbeda. Jadi menurut
dia bahwa masa depan adalah keputusan. apa pun keputusan yg dibuat, di
masa depan sudah ada jawaban nya.
2. Mesin waktu sangat berat bentuk nya panjang seperti box amunisi
dengan beban mencapai 500kg, dia harus menaruh alat itu di dalam mobil
dgn suspensi yg kuat, dan jika di nyalakan akan terbentu suatu black
hole kecil yg mirip dgn donut. dan disaat itu lah semua akan terhisap
kedalam black hole itu termasuk mobil nya menuju ketempat tujuan dalam
proses perjalanan akan sangat panas, sulit untuk bernafas, dan jika
tujuan anda nanti ternyata ada benda atau tembok yg menghalangi
kehadiran anda di titik point yg sama maka otomatis mesin waktu akan
switch off. jadi anda tidak pindah dari 1 titik ke titik yg lain, tapi
anda pindah ke dimensi yg lain.
3. Hukum fisika Kuantum Everett-Wheeler adalah teori yg benar untuk
mesin waktu, model ini juga bisa disebut “Many-Worlds Interpretation”
atau dgn kata lain banyak hasil kemungkinan yang akan terjadi di masa
depan berdasarkan keputusan saat ini, contoh nya, jika saya kembali ke
tahun 1975 untuk membunuh kakek saya, lalu saya kembali ke 2036, saya
akan tetap eksis, begitupun orang tua saya. tetapi di dimensi tahun
1975 dan masa depan nya saya dan orangtua saya tidak eksis. ini lah yg
disebut many worlds interpretation.

PREDIKSI

John tidak pernah akan memberikan prediksi untuk menyangkut sport
tips, atau untuk memperkaya diri

John tidak pernah akan memberikan prediksi kepada org untuk
menghindari kematian, kecelakaan,tragedi.

John tidak akan pernah menunjuk/menyebutkan nama lengkap seseorang yg
akan berpengaruh nantinya di masa depan.

Ok John dalam posting nya tidak pernah memberi prediksi secara
langsung, hasil prediksi berikut merupakan rangkuman dariapa yg telah
menjadi bahan diskusi John selama 5 bulan dari november 2000 – maret
2001.

1. John menyebutkan initial Tipler dan Kerr ,ilmuwan yang akan
berpengaruh dgn mesin waktu. Nama kedua orang ini di lacak
kebenerannya dan ternyata mereka eksis dan mereka adalah profesor
fisika.
2. Konsep dasar mesin waktu akan di kemukakan oleh CERN di tahun 2001,
kenyataanya di tahun 2000-2001 blom banyak yg tahu tentang organisasi
CERN, dan ternyata bener pd tahun 2001 CERN menyatakan menemukan
konsep black hole, dimana ini akan menjadi dasar mesin waktu.
3. John Titor memberikan rincian mesin waktu yang dia pakai kpd
kita,yg berisi Magnetic housing units for dual microsignularities,
Electron injection manifold to alter mass and gravity of
microsingularities, Cooling and x-ray venting system, Gravity sensors
(VGL system), Main clocks (4 cesium units), Main computer units (3).
Para ilmuwan skrg menyatakan dgn mesin dan cara operasional yg
disampaikan John memungkinkan untuk melakukan timetravel.
4. Prediksi cepat JOhn ttg amerika bahwah, mulai tahun 2004 USA akan
mulai terjadi perang saudara, dimana antara tahun 2004-2008 terjadi
demonstrasi dan pergolakan di dalam USA, tahun 2008-2015 puncak dari
perang saudara itu.
5. Perang dunia 3 akan di mulai tahun 2015, dia menyatakan Rusia akan
menyerang amerika dgn nuklir di tahun 2015, otomatis perang saudara di
amerika berhenti dan mereka bersatu melawan russia dan nantinya
amerika hanya akan terbentuk menjadi 5 negara bagian dengan presiden
setiap negara bagian masing2 dengan ibukota berpindah ke nebraska.
Menurut dia kota2 besar di amerika akan hancur begitun di eropa,CINA,
timur tengah. Sedangkan negara2 yg tidak terlibat perang dunia ke 3
adalah amerika selatan dan australia, NZ. Perang ini akan
menghilangkan 3 milyar populasi dunia.
6. Penyakit sapi gila akan mewabah dan makin parah di tahun 2036,
karena penyakit ini dapat berdiam dalam tubuh manusia selama 30tahun
lebih dan mulai beraksi saat kita menjelang tua, penyakit AIDS belum
ada obatnya, penyakit kanker sudah bisa di atasi dgn menggunakan virus
melawan kanker itu sendiri (teori kanker ini sudah terbukti di jaman
kita).
7. Makanan dan air bersih sangat sukar di dapatkan akibat radiasi
nuklir, di tahun 2036 setiap orang akan sangat berhati2 dengan makanan/
minuman yg akan di konsumsinya, John menyatakan dia sangat ketakutan
di tahun 2000-2001 dimana melihat orang dpt memesan makanan sesuka
hatinya spt di fastfood tanpa mengecek kesehatan makanan tersebut.
8. Dimasa depan kehidupan bertani akan kembali,religi akan menjadi
sangat kuat, banyak orang yg menyesalkan PD3 hanya karena permainan
politik.
9. John pernah menyatakan di NY akan ada gedung pencakar langit yang
akan hilang dalam waktu dekat (9/11) dan tidak ditemukan nya Senjata
pemusnah massal di timur tengah (irak) tetap membuat politik amerika
untuk berperang.
10. Perkembangan IT akan sangat berkembang, dia menyatakan bahwa bakal
banyak org akan membuat video mereka sendiri dan di upload ke internet
(youtube) lalu sistem internet nanti akan independen dgn hanya
menggunakan alat kecil dgn tenaga matahari dapat memancarkan signal
sejauh 60mil (wi-max)
11. Di tahun 2036 energi hydrogen dan energi panas matahari berperan
sangat penting dan lebih efisien
12. Anda-anda sekarang barusan melewati bencana yg menakutkan, coba
andi pikiran kembali apa yg ditakuti 1- 1,5 tahun yg lalu (taon 1999),
menurut milis di forum yg di maksud adalah bencana y2k, mereka
menyatakan bahwa John telah kembali ke tahun 1975 untuk memberitahu
para imuwan ttg bencana y2k.
13. Menurut John, kehidupan sosial masyarakat sekarang adalah sangat
parah, karena kita semua sangat malas, egois, individualis, acuh untuk
bersosialisasi seperti domba dan banyak org yg menghabiskan waktu
untuk hal2 yg tak berguna. Coba lah tuk bangun dan melihat keadaan
disekeliling kita, kondisi alam makin rusak, bumi ini lagi sekarat.
14. Di tahun 2036 tidak ada organisasi kesehatan yang akan melindungi
mu, jadi jika anda sakit parah, siap2 gali lubang kubur sendiri.(klo
saat ini ada jaminan kesehatan tuk seluruh penduduk amrik)
15. Temperatur dan suhu di dunia akan menjadi lebih dingin.
16. Saya tahu tentang prediksi bangsa maya ttg tahun 2012, yah memang
sesuatu hal yg unik akan terjadi, kira2 seperti cerita ttg laut merah
dan org mesir. tapi itu tidak membuat dunia ini kiamat.
17. Yahoo and microsoft is no longer exist in 2036.
18. MARS AND UFO, sampai tahun 2036 kita masih tidak menemukan apa2 di
mars, begitu pun ttg ufo masih menjadi misteri, walaupun para ilmuwan
di tahun 2036 pernah menyatakan bahwa ufo/alien juga adalah
timetraveler dari masa depan dan alien adalah bangsa manusia yg telah
berevolusi akibat perubahan alam/radiasi/perang, mereka para alien
memiliki struktur tubuh dan organ2 internal yg sama dengan manusia.

John Titor last post tgl 21 maret 2001 mengatakan selamat tinggal, dan
dia kembali ke tahun 2036.

John Titor pernah meminta ayahnya untuk merekam proses time machine
saat dia pakai untuk kembali ke tahun 2036 dan di upload ke internet
melalui pengacara keluarganya Larry Harber, tapi entah kenapa rekaman
video itu tidak jadi di upload, ada yg bilang rekaman itu telah di
ambil oleh pihak intelijen amerika.

Saat john kembali ke 2036, tak lama keluarga titor pindah ke nebraska,
seminggu sesudahnya terjadi badai topan ganas melanda florida dan
menghancurkan tempat tinggal titor di florida.

Saat ini keluarga Titor dirahasiakan keberadaannya, dan bagi public yg
ingin melakukan kontak dgn keluarganya dapat melalui pengacaranya
Larry Harber.

Beberapa hal di sarankan John kepada kita,

* Jangan makan atau menggunakan produk dari binatang yg di beri makan
atau makan bangkai sesamanya.
* Jgn cium atau berhubungan intim dgn org yang anda tidak kenal
(maksudnya klo sungkem ga perlu cium pipi kiri kanan spt kebiasan org
amrik)
* Belajar lah dasar sanitasi dan penjernihan air
* Biasakan lah menggunakan senjata api, belajar menembak dan
membersihkan senjata api.
* Selalu sediakan kotak p3k dan belajarlah tuk menggunakannya
* Cari lah 5 org kawan yg anda percaya dalam radius 100mil dan selalu
berkontak.
* Ambilah salinan Undang-undang US dan baca lah
* Kurangin makan
* Carilah sepeda dan 2 set ban cadangan, bersepedalah 10 mil tiap
minggu
* Pikirkanlah apa yg mesti kamu bawa jika kamu harus meninggalkan
rumah dalam waktu 10 menit dan tak akan pernah kembali lagi.

Saya sadar bahwa antara agama dan ilmu pengetahuan seringkali tidak dapat disatupadukan. Namun artikel di bawah ini TIDAK ADA MAKSUD untuk mencoba meramalkan apa yg PASTI akan terjadi di masa depan. Saya hanya bermaksud berbagi ilmu pengetahuan dan informasi yg tentunya tetap dengan BUKTI_BUKTI yg telah di teliti oleh para ahli.
Karena bukankah tidak ada salahnya jika kita memandang hidup ini tidak hanya dari satu sisi?
Berikut adalah artikel mengenai “Apa Yg Sebenarnya Akan Terjadi di Tahun 2012”.
Sekali lagi saya tekankan, ini TIDAK 100% akan terjadi, hanya PRAKIRAAN seperti layaknya perkiraan cuaca.

Dalam sejarah peradaban kuno dunia, bangsa Maya dikenal menguasai pengetahuan tentang ilmu falak yang khusus dan mendalam, sistem penanggalan yang sempurna, penghitungan perbintangan yang rumit serta metode pemikiran abstrak yang tinggi. Kesempurnaan dan akurasi dari pada penanggalannya membuat orang takjub.

Sekelompok masyarakat yang misterius ini tinggal di wilayah selatan Mexico sekarang (Yucatan) Guetemala, bagian utara Belize dan bagian barat Honduras. Banyak sekali pyramid, kuil dan bangunan-bangunan kuno yang dibangun oleh Maya yang masih dapat ditemui di sana. Banyak juga batu-batu pahatan dan tulisan-tulisan misterius pada meja-meja yang ditinggalkan mereka.

Para arkeolog percaya bahwa Maya mempunyai peradaban yang luar biasa. Hal itu bisa dilihat dari peninggalannya seperti buku-bukunya, meja-meja batu dan cerita-cerita yang bersifat mistik. Tetapi sayang sekali buku-buku mereka di perpustakaan Mayan semuanya sudah dibakar oleh tentara Spanyol ketika menyerang sesudah tahun 1517. Hanya beberapa tulisan pada meja-meja dan beberapa system kalender yang membingungkan tersisa sampai sekarang.

Seorang sejarahwan Amerika, Dr. Jose Arguelles mengabdikan dirinya untuk meneliti peradaban bangsa ini. Ia mendalami ramalan Maya yang dibangun di atas fondasi kalender yang dibuat bangsa itu, dimana prediksi semacam ini persis seperti cara penghitungan Tiongkok, ala Zhou Yi. Kalendernya, secara garis besar menggambarkan siklus hukum benda langit dan hubungannya dengan perubahan manusia.
Dalam karya Arguelles, The Mayan Factor: Path Beyong Technology yang diterbitkan oleh Bear & Company pada 1973, disebutkan dalam penanggalan Maya tercatat bahwa sistim galaksi tata surya kita sedang mengalami ‘The Great Cycle’ (siklus besar) yang berjangka lima ribu dua ratus tahun lebih. Waktunya dari 3113 SM sampai 2012 M. Dalam siklus besar ini, tata surya dan bumi sedang bergerak melintasi sebuah sinar galaksi (Galatic Beam) yang berasal dari inti galaksi. Diameter sinar secara horizontal ini ialah 5125 tahun bumi. Dengan kata lain, kalau bumi melintasi sinar ini akan memakan waktu 5125 tahun lamanya.

Orang Maya percaya bahwa semua benda angkasa pada galaksi setelah selesai mengalami reaksi dari sinar galaksi dalam siklus besar ini, akan terjadi perubahan secara total, orang Maya menyebutnya, penyelarasan galaksi (Galatic Synchronization). Siklus besar ini dibagi menjadi 13 tahap, setiap tahap evolusi pun mempunyai catatan yang sangat mendetail. Arguelles dalam bukunya itu menggunakan banyak sekali diagram-diagram untuk menceritakan kondisi evolusi pada setiap tahap. Kemudian setiap tahap itu dibagi lagi menjadi 20 masa evolusi. Setiap masa itu akan memakan waktu 20 tahun lamanya.

Dari masa 20 tahun antara tahun 1992-2012 itu, bumi kita telah memasuki tahap terakhir dari fase Siklus Besar, bangsa Maya menganggap ini adalah periode penting sebelum masa pra-Galatic Synchronization, mereka menamakannya: The Earth Generetion Priod (Periode Regenerasi Bumi). Selama periode ini bumi akan mencapai pemurnian total. Setelah itu, bumi kita akan meninggalkan jangkauan sinar galaksi dan memasuki tahap baru: penyelarasan galaksi.

Pada 21 Desember 2012 akan menjadi hari berakhirnya peradaban umat manusia kali ini, dalam perhitungan kalender Maya. Sesudah itu, umat manusia akan memasuki peradaban baru total yang tidak ada hubungannya sama sekali dengan peradaban sekarang. Pada hari itu, tepatnya musim dingin tiba, matahari akan bergabung lagi dengan titik silang yang terbentuk akibat ekliptika (jalan matahari) dengan ekuator secara total. Saat itulah, matahari tepat berada di tengah-tengah sela sistem galaksi, atau dengan kata lain galaksi terletak di atas bumi, bagaikan membuka sebuah “Pintu Langit” saja bagi umat manusia.

Mulai 1992, bumi memasuki apa yang oleh bangsa Maya disebut ‘Periode Regenerasi Bumi”. Pada periode ini, Bumi dimurnikan, termasuk juga hati manusia, (ini hampir mirip ramalan orang Indian Amerika-Utara terhadap orang sekarang ini), subtansi yang tidak baik akan disingkirkan, dan substansi yang baik dan benar akan dipertahankan, akhirnya selaras dengan galaksi (alam semesta), ini adalah singkapan misteri dari gerakan sistem galaksi kita yang diperlihatkan oleh bangsa Maya.

Sejak tahun 1992 sampai 2012 nanti, bagaimana terjadi “pemurnian” dan bagaimana pula terjadi “regenerasi” pada bumi kita ini, tidak disebutkan secara detail oleh bangsa Maya. Dalam ramalan mereka pun tidak menyinggung tentang apa hal konkret yang memberikan semangat manusia untuk bangkit dari kesadaran dan bagaimana bumi mengalami permurnian, yang ditinggalkan oleh mereka kepada anak cucunya (barangkali tidak tercatat). Lantas, fenomena baru apa yang sudah bisa kita lihat sejak tahun 1992 sampai sekarang yang bisa kita kaitkan dengan ramalan bangsa Maya yang beradab itu?

Mungkin sudah diatur, bahwa kalender Maya tidak hilang dan sejarah manusia, dan harus diuraikan dengan kode oleh manusia sekarang. Namun ia tetap saja harus dilihat, apakah umat manusia yang terpesona oleh konsepsinya yang trerbentuk sesudah kelahiran dapat menembus batas-batas untuk mengingatkan dan memahami kebenaran yang melampoi sistim pengetahuan kita.

Sebenarnya,jika ditinjau dari beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan saat ini.Memang pada beberapa dua dasawarsa belakangan ini,bumi sedang mengalami suatu siklus yang dinamakan pembalikan daya magnet kutub.
Pembalikan daya magnet kutub adalah proses yang terjadi pada waktu kutub utara dan kutub selatan saling bertukar posisi. Ketika ini terjadi, untuk beberapa saat medan magnet bumi mencapai Gauss nol, yang berarti bumi pada waktu itu punya daya magnet nol. Ketika ini terjadi bersamaan dengan perbalikan orbit sebelas tahunan kutub matahari, masalah besar akan terjadi.

Menurut perhitungan computer Hyderabad, pembalikan kutub Bumi dan Matahari dapat mengakibatkan masalah besar selain elektronik tidak bekerja dengan semestinya, burung yang bermigrasi kehilangan haluan, dan bermacam macam:

1. Sistem ketahanan tubuh semua hewan dan termasuk manusia akan banyak melemah.
2. Lapisan luar bumi akan mengalami pertambahan gunung berapi, pergerakan tektonik, gempa bumi, dan tanah longsor.
3. Medan magnet Bumi akan melemah dan radiasi alam semesta berasal dari matahari bertambah berlipat ganda mengakibatkan bahaya radiasi seperti kanker dan sebagainya tidak dapat dihindari
4. Benda-benda angkasa akan tertarik masuk ke Bumi
5. Daya gravitasi Bumi akan mengalami perubahan meskipun tidak diketahui bagaimana ia akan berubah

Jika anda menambahkan semua skenario bencana yang mungkin terjadi, anda dapat dengan mudah mengatakan dengan kalimat sederhana ini, Bumi dapat menjadi tempat yang tidak cocok untuk ditinggali peradaban manusia pada 2012 ataupun mereka yang hidup dekat lapisan luar bumi. Hal ini mungkin saja dapat terjadi pada Mars jutaan tahun yang lalu.

Mungkin benar adanya apa yang dikatakan Bangsa Maya mengenai kehancuran perdaban manusia di tahun 2012 esok,hal tersebut tentunya dapat kita lihat dari sifat-sifat manusia zaman sekarang yang tau sendirikan bagaimana moralnya,kelakuan,dll, dan alam-pun kelihatannya semakin tidak bersahabat dengan kita.

Yang lebih menarik lagi kali ini saya coba mengutip pernyataan si Mama Louren (tau kan,peramal yang suka muncul di Tipi itu lo).Kata dia,”pada tahun 2012 nanti jumlah penduduk di Indonesia ini tinggal 40%”.Lalu ketika ditanya apa penyebabnya,dia menuturkan ,”pada tahun itu sebuah bencana besar akan melanda Bumi secara Global,mungkin pada setiap negara nantinya hanya menyisakan 30%-40% kehidupan untuk kembali membangun kehidupan baru”.

Ramalan serupa juga diutarakan oleh Beberapa Biksu di Tibet yang terkenal pengan penguasaan clairvoyance-nya yang sangat baik.Mereka mengatakan pada awal tahun 2012 merupakan tahun paling mendebarkan bagi umat manusia di muka Bumi,dimana pada permulaan tahun,beberapa fenomena aneh akan banyak bermunculan.Namun dalam penutupnya,Para Biksu mengatakan Bumi akan terselamatkan oleh sebuah kekuatan besar yang melindungi mereka secara kasat mata,sehingga memungkinkan peradaban manusia tidaklah sepenuhnya musnah.

Kalau menurut saya pribadi,tidak ada seorangpun yang bisa meramalkan kapan tepatnya kiamat itu datang.Tapi dilain sisi, saya percaya akan regenarasi suatu peradaban yang diramalkan para Orang Bangsa Maya ditahun 2012 nanti.Ini bukanlah suatu kehancuran Alam semesta secara keseluruhan (Jadi belum bisa diartikan kiamat yang sebenarnya),mungkin nantinya secuil para manusia-manusia yang terselamatkan dari bencana akan kembali membangun tonggak peradaban baru yang lebih baik dan lebih bermoral daripada kita.Wallahualam bi shawab.Tapi intinya,mau kiamat itu datangnya kapan,pokoknya mulai sekarang kita harus wajib bertobat dan lebih mendekatkan diri kepada-Nya.

Yg tertarik, bisa mengunjungi artikel saya di http://bakabuttler.blogspot.com/

Atas perhatiannya saya ucapkan terima kasih.

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